Food – at least enough for 3 to 7 days
— non-perishable packaged or canned food / juices
— foods for infants or the elderly
— snack foods
— non-electric can opener
— cooking tools / fuel
— paper plates / plastic utensils

Blankets / Pillows, etc.

Clothing – seasonal / rain gear/ sturdy shoes

First Aid Kit / Medicines / Prescription Drugs

Special Items – for babies and the elderly

Toiletries / Hygiene items / Moisture wipes

Flashlight / Batteries

Radio – Battery operated and NOAA weather radio

Telephones – Fully charged cell phone with extra battery and a traditional (not cordless) telephone set

Cash (with some small bills) and Credit Cards – Banks and ATMs may not be available for extended periods

Keys

Toys, Books and Games

Important documents – in a waterproof container or watertight resealable plastic bag
— insurance, medical records, bank account numbers, Social Security card, etc.

Tools – keep a set with you during the storm

Vehicle fuel tanks filled

Pet care items
— proper identification / immunization records / medications
— ample supply of food and water
— a carrier or cage
— muzzle and leash

 Medical Training

In a survival situation, medical training is going to be a big one.  Due to the increase use of saws, axes and knives, there will be more medical emergencies involving deep lacerated cuts.  Knowing how to properly clean wounds, stitch wounds, as well as knowing how to treat infected wounds will be extremely important.  Additionally, there will be an increase in burns from being in closer contact to fires.  Burns can get infected very quickly, and knowing how to decipher the degree of the burn is and how to treat it will be a concern amongst survivalists and preppers.  Typically, there are online courses offered for basic CPR/First Aid, however, those basic skills will not give a person the fundamental training they need.  Finding a local Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) class that is offered for paramedics and first responders to accidents will be a better knowledge source and better equip a person to handle emergency medical situations.

 Disaster Training

Disaster training is typically offered by FEMA, the American Red Cross and other disaster organizations.  A person who is equipped with knowledge on how to plan for a disaster, how to properly prepare for a disaster, and how to mental handle the after effects of a disaster will be able to better adapt to the situation more quickly compared to those that are not.  The American Red Cross offers extensive courses in disaster safety and training as well as basic First Aid/CPR courses.  There are also online courses offered through FEMA. 

 Gardening Skills

In a long term survival situation, seeds will mean the difference between life and death.  The only problem is, many have lost the necessary skill of gardening because there is a grocery store on every corner of the streets these days.  It’s time to get your hands dirty and get back in touch with nature.  Learning necessary gardening skills such as companion plants, crop rotations, beneficial insects, natural ways to replenish soil, and knowledge on proper gardening tools will be beneficial.  Another relevant knowledge source is understanding the medicinal value of plants and herbs.  It is amazing how many uses there are for plants besides spicing up our cooked entrees.  Researching natural medicines is another major need in a survival situation, especially if the person has a pre-existing condition.

 Firearm Certification and Training

There are dozens of firearm courses offered through the National Rifle Association.  In a situation where a person needs to defend themselves, 99% of them would want a gun.  And, the more a person practices, the better their aim gets.  This is one survival skill that a person should be as proficient as possible.  Also, practicing gun safety, especially around children, as well as being able to educate others is essential when a firearm is around. 

 Canning and Food Preparation

Knowing how to can and preserve foods to eat during the long winter months is essential.  Just think of all the delicious jarred goods a person can store up for when their food supply dwindles in the winter.  The canning jars can be a bit of an investment. However, this author has found people selling their canned jars on www.craigslist.com, garage sales and even at second hand stores.  Canning jars would also make an excellent bartering item.

 Amateur Radio Classes

Having a radio is encouraged by many disaster relief organizations.  And having knowledge on how to work and maneuver a HAMM radio will provide a person with an emergency communication source during a time when most communication is down.  The National Association of Amateur Radio provides information based on a person’s location and course information on their website.

 Sewing Classes

Typically if there is a fabric store, there are sewing classes and sewing events that are offered at the store.  Everyone has heard of how their great grandmothers would sew quilts out of material from tethered or worn clothing.  Not many of us have this skill anymore.  Sewing classes will not only teach a necessary skill, but it will also get the survival mindset in place: make something new out of what you have available. 

 Outdoor Survival Skills Courses

Most preppers and survivalists are planning to “re-connect” with nature.  Learning the necessary outdoor skills will provide a person with fundamental knowledge on how to better survive.  The Boy Scouts offer adult classes as well as some community colleges.  Get creative and search around the internet.  There are some survival courses offered online (some offer free survival courses) that a person can learn from the comfort of their home.  There are also wilderness courses offered at a variety of facilities such as local colleges, the YMCA, community park and recreation facilities, etc.  Additionally, finding books, and e-books on survival skills is another way to find information on this topic.

Candle/Soap making Conventions

Soap and candle making are a lost art form in my opinion.  Having a background knowledge of these skills would also be a great bartering skill.  There are classes a person can take that are usually offered at homes as well as some conventions in certain areas.  Searching on the Internet would be a great start for finding these classes. 

 Hunting Skills

As many are planning to hunt wild game for a food source, they will need skills on how to gut the carcass, skin the fur and properly cut the meat.  The “hunter-in-training” will also have to have a proficient knowledge on the different types of hunting tools used to prepare animal carcasses (and these tools come in different sizes based on the animal).  The National Hunting Association is a portal that can take a person to their local area hunting association in order to get more information for their specific area.  Also, this website offers the hunting guides for all of the states within the USA.

Water

Drinking water is the best way to keep the body hydrated.  Store 3 days worth of potable water in plastic containers.   Potable water is water safe for human consumption.  It is free of disease causing microorganisms, poisonous substances, minerals, organic matter, chemical, biological and radioactive substances.  Another method is to freeze water in plastic soda containers.  FEMA recommends that a person should have 1 gallon of water per person for at least 3 days.  Try to stay away from caffeinated beverages as much as possible as they tend to dehydrate the body. 

Food

Stockpile a 3 day supply of non perishable items such as canned goods, dehydrated foods, high energy foods such as granola bars, power bars, trail mix and cereals.  Try and find foods that do not require a lot of water to prepare them.  Certain family members may need special foods such as infant formula, baby food or needs for someone who is diabetic. 

First Aid Kit

Keeping a well stocked medical supply can come in handy if someone has a injury.  First aid kits can be assembled at home and include all of the basic first aid items that may be needed.  A list of complete first aid items can be seen here.

Sanitation

Maintain good hygiene and wash hands often.  Sanitation items are good to keep around not only to stay clean, but also to have in the event that someone comes in contact with the flood water.  Flood waters have microorganisms such as E. Coli that can infect a person and cause them to have serious illnesses or injury.  Items such as:

• Hand wipes
• Toilet paper
• Soap
• Person hygiene items
• Bleach
• Feminine hygiene items

Disaster Tools

Pre-packed disaster tools in a centralized location can be a life saver if a person needs them in a time sensitive manner. 

• Flash lights
• Batteries
• Propane stove
• Fire extinguisher (ABC variety)
• Battery operated radio
• Can opener (non electric)
• Duct tape
• Multipurpose tool
• Waterproof matches
• Floatation device
• Tube tent
• Extra cash 
• Trash bags
• Signal flare
• Wrench to shot off gas appliances and water
• Pliers
• Map
• Survival manual
• Whistle
• Compass
• Plastic cups and plates

Bug Out Bag

 In the case that a person has to evacuate, having a prepared 72 hour kit or bug out bag will expedite the process of leaving as well as keeping things running as smoothly as possible.  A 72 hour bag should have all items necessary to survive for 3 days.  When preparing a bag keep the main surviving points in mind (water, food, shelter, clothing).  Having a separate bug out bag for the vehicle will also come in handy in the event that someone has to leave their home immediately.

Things to Avoid During a Flood

• Avoid the flood waters as much as possible.  The CDC states that “flood waters may contain fecal material from overflowing sewage systems and agricultural and industrial bi-products.”  Other serious germs are present in the water as well and some can enter through broken skin where infection can set in. 
• Do not wade through the water.  There are a number of unknown objects in the water, such as  fallen electric lines that may still carry a charge, holes in the ground that cause a person to fall and possibly drown.  Flood waters are not safe.
• Do not drink the water.  Microorganisms such as E. Coli, Giardia, Toxoplasmosis, Norovirus, and Cryptosporidium can be ingested, thus causing severe illnesses.  Not to mention, there could be traces of metals, leads or fertilizers in the water.
• Never drive through flood waters.  Driving in flood water is extremely dangerous and unpredictable, and a car could easily be swept away.

Related Information Sources:

Store Your Food and Be Ready

Disaster:  It’s Not a Case of If but When

Flood Safety Tips

In this type of situation, many will be turning to alternative medicines to alleviate and assist some of the more chronic health issues such as high blood pressure, menopausal symptoms, migraines, anemia and arthritis.   Acquiring books on herbal medicines for a disaster scenario would be a great knowledge source to add to any preparedness library. 

 In the book, Herbal Medicine: The Natural Way To Get Well and Stay Well by Dian Dincin Buchman, Ph. D, the author advises how important natural medicine is.  She adds that, “Even though much of the medical community ignores, perhaps even disdains plant medicine as too old fashioned, plants are nonetheless the basis for some of the most effective drugs.”  This article is based on some of the author’s favorite medicinal herbs.

Top Ten Medicinal Herbs for a Survival Garden

Cayenne Pepper – (Capsicum minimum)

“Cayenne pepper is a powerful stimulant, producing a sense of heat in the stomach, and a general glow ove r the body without a narcotic effect.  A few grains in hot tea will aid in sluggish digestion and flatulence.” (Source – Herbal Medicine: The Natural Way To Get Well and Stay Well)

• This pepper can assist as a digestion aid.  Using sparingly, sprinkle a bit over food or in a hot soup.
• Cayenne pepper is a good source of Vitamin C.
• Mixing cayenne pepper to a citrus drink such as grapefruit juice can be a very effective energizing drink.
• Cayenne pepper can be used to combat a sore throat and can also be used in a sore throat gargle mix.
• An effective anti flu drink uses 2 tsp. of cayenne pepper, 1 1/2 tsp. of salt, 1 cup of boiling water, 1 c. apple cider vinegar.  Most adults can take between 1 tsp.-1 tbls. every half hour.
• Sprinkling cayenne pepper in shoes will warm the feet when it is cold outside.  Caution: it will stain the area where it is sprinkled, but it is quite effective.
• Cayenne has a history of being used during malignant sore throats and in scarlet fever where it is used internally and as a gargle.
• Cayenne tea can be used as a control for internal or external bleeding and should be used for those health emergencies where no medical or nursing help is available.
• A few grains on the gums of cayenne will smart on the gum, and in a cavity and act as a temporary pain alleviator.

Chamomile – (Anthemis nobilis )

•  This herb is known for it’s uses as a mild sedative. 
• Some homeopathic and natural remedies for children with ADD/ADHD have used chamomiles calming properties.
•  The flowers can be strained out of the tea and placed into a warm compress to use on ear infections. 
• Tea compresses and tea rinses can be used to treat eye problems. 
• It also has the power to assist in healing of  indigestion, morning sickness, nervousness, neuralgia, painful periods and assists as a sleeping agent.

Dandelion – (Taraxacum officinale)

•  The salt in this plant acts to neutralize the acids in the blood and is considered a cleaning tonic. 
• When the flowers and a few leaves are gathered and made into a tea that treats biliousness (gastric disorder caused by liver or gall bladder disorder) and reducing ankle swelling. 
• To jump start a slow functioning liver, drink two to four ounces of freshly sliced dandelion root in two pints of water until the water is reduced to 1 ounce. 
• A coffee can be made from the root to cleanse the liver and also has a tonic effect on the pancreas, the spleen and the female organs. 
• If a person is suffering from gallstones, dandelion can also be used.  Combine an ounce of  each: dandelion root, parsley root, lemon balm with a half ounce each of licorice root and ginger root.  Add two quarts of boiling water, simmer down to one quart, strain the liquid and drink a half glass every two hours.
•  The Chinese “barefoot doctors” use the entire dandelion in their healing practices.  The leaves and the tops are simmered together in a decoction, or they are crushed and used as a poultice for boils and abscesses on the body.
• Dandelion has also been known to lower elevated cholesterol levels, as well as normalize blood sugar levels in diabetics, and can also help cure symptoms of gout due to its uric acid content.
• Additionally, young leaves can be gathered in the spring time to make a lovely salad or a steamed side dish.

Echinacea –  (Echinacea Paradoxa, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida)

• There are three types of echinacea plants, and all have the same healing properties.  The chemical constituents are different in some, but the healing is the same. 
• Although the root is most widely used for it’s medicinal purposes, truly the entire plant can be used.
• This herb strengthens the body’s ability to resist infection and stimulates production of white blood cells.  Echinacea stimulates the body in non chronic illness such as colds, bronchitis, sore throats, abscesses and for recurrences of yeast infections.
• Echinacea can also be taken as an anti-inflammatory for arthritis.
• A gargling solution can also be made with the tea to use with a sore throat.  For cases that are not strep throat related: add 10-16 drops to water or to sage or ginger tea and use as a gargling agent.  If a person is fighting strep throat: every two hours, gargle with the above mentioned teas to which add a dropful of echinacea extract.  If only tablet or capsules are available, take then every two hours during the acute stage.
• It also helps eliminates mucus and phlegm associated with certain respiratory conditions.

Garlic - (Allium sativum)

• Garlic is an absolute must for a medicinal garden.  Garlic has so many healing properties, they cannot all be listed.
• Garlic has natural antibiotic properties. 
• In Russia, garlic is used as an anti flu remedy.
• Garlic draws out the pain from joints, toothaches, and earaches.  Place a crushed raw piece of garlic on some gauze (otherwise some of these strong herbs can cause blisters) and place the gauze over the area of pain.  For the joints, use a garlic paste.  For the ear, use slivers in gauze.  It takes about 5 days to cure the ear infection.
• Garlic also helps alleviate and draw out infection from abscesses in teeth as well as in the body. 

Marigold- (Calendula officinalis)

• Marigold is an excellent herb to have on hand for skin issues such as eczema, skin inflammations, soothing varicose veins, soothing chapped hands and can be used to reduce body scars.
• Creating a plaster by combing marigold ointment and peppermint can be used on the chest to ease the heart during inte4nse fevers.
• Dipping a compress into marigold tea and using equal parts of apple cider vinegar can alleviate inflammation. 
• The author believes that marigold is “the greatest healing agent for all wounds.”
• Using marigold in the case of open wounds that will not heal is an effective way to promote rapid healing. 
• This flower is also a haemostatid after a tooth extraction.
• A douche can made from marigold to aid in leukorrhea (vaginal discharges)
• Due to marigolds cleansing properties, it can also be used as dressing a terrible wound.
• Marigold was also used as a toothache and headache preventative in the 1500’s in England.
• This is also a great companion plant to many garden vegetables.

Peppermint – (Mentha piperita)

• Peppermint is used in a tea in conjunction with chamomile as a digestive aid.
• It has stimulating and refreshing properties that dispels headaches.
• Peppermint tea will also assist in overcoming muscle spasms and cramps. 
• Due to the camphorous principles in peppermint, if peppermint is applied to a wet wash cloth it can be used externally to relieve pain.
• This herb also hep clear sinus infections.  Apply a large, warm peppermint pack to the sinus area.

Sage- (Salvia officinalis)

• A tea made of common sage can help lift depression.  A pinch of bruised cloves and a pinch of pure ginseng can also be added as these herbs are also used as antidepression herbs.
• Rubbing the sage leaves across the teeth can be used to clean the teeth and assist in bad breath.  The tea can also be used to gargle with.
• Sage tea rub downs and sage baths can be used to ring down a fever.  American Indians used this type of fever reducer.  Note: adding apple cider vinegar to the tea for reduction can be quite effective and the patient simply feel better.
• Sage tea can used as an antiseptic by chewing the sage leaves to cleanse the system of impurities or drank as tea.
• Sage has also been known to assist with hot flashes associated with menopause.
• If a person has stomach troubles, cold sage tea can used to alleviate the symptoms.
• Sage can also be used to treat the flu.  Using the tea before and during any type of epidemics and to hasten healing during a flu attack.
• Sage leaves can be wrapped around a wound like a band aid to help heal the wound faster.

Tea Tree- (Melaleuca alternifolia)

• The Aborigines have used this plant for centuries as an antiseptic to heal insect bites, stings, abrasions , cuts and warts.
• Because of tea tree oils high antibacterial properties it can also be used as an antiseptic to treat acne.
• Applying tea tree oil directly to fungus on feet (Athlete’s foot), or adding drops into a foot bath this will help treat the fungus.
• Tea tree oil can also be used to cure cold sores.
• Diluting the tea tree oil (4 drops of oil and a pint of water)  in water can also be used as a douche to cure yeast infections.
• Adding a few drops on tea tree oil to a fine tooth comb and combing through hair to catch lice eggs is also effective. 

Thyme - (Thymus vulgaris)

• Although thyme is normally used in culinary recipes, it has a great range of use.
• Thyme can help alleviate gastric problems such as wind, colic and bad breath.
• Thyme also has properties to help eliminate phlegm and is helpful in overcoming shortness of breath and help with most lung problems.
• If it also effective in fighting sore throat and post nasal drip.
• If a person has the whooping cough, make a syrup of thyme tea and honey to help treat the disease.
• Thyme can also be used to treat a fever.  It is recommended to mix thyme with other herbs to have a better medicinal quality.  Herbs used in conjunction with thyme to treat a high fever could be: marshmallow root tea, slippery elm powder (or tablets), fenugreek or comfrey root or leaf tea.
• This herb also helps relax the nervous system and can relive a headache.
• Thyme can be used as a first aid poultice.  Make up a paste of moist (hot-moistened) thyme leaves and apply it to the skin to relieve the pain of an abscess, boil or swelling.  A hot poultice of thyme can help relieve the pain of a sciatic attack, too.
• An antiseptic can be make for both internal and external use.  It is also used as a local anaesthetic.  Medicate gauze and worrl for surgical dressings with theyme. 
• his herb is also great for skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, parasitic skin infections and burns.
• A insect spray (combined with lavender) can assist in keeping gnats and mosquitoes away.  In fact, the Greeks used thyme as a fumigator.
• This herb can also be used to dispel worms and parasites.

As many are gearing up to buy seeds for a survival garden, please do not forget to purchase medicinal herbs.  Keeping a body as strong as possible from viruses, colds and flu’s will only help a person in the long run.  And supplying a home with organic healing medicines can, in an extreme emergency assist in saving their lives. 

Suggested Home Medical Supplies

The idea of having medical supplies in the home is to be prepared for any given situation that could arise.   In the long run, if supplies are adequately organized and ready to go, the person administering medical assistance will have everything in place and be ready to act.  Making an inventory list of everything that is needed for all family members (include children’s needs as well as family members with special needs) as well as items that have already been purchased can help with organizing the supplies for storage.

• Antacids
• Anti-diarrheal
• pain reliever
• Children’s pain reliever
• First aid book
• Prescription medications (keep copies for records)
• Cold/flu medicines
• Vitamins
• Blood clotting
• Sterile gauze
• Dressing bandages
• Dressing rolls
• Medical tape
• Bandages of all sizes
• Alcohol wipes
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Eye flushing solution
• Anesthetic solution
• Hypodermic needles (for the antiseptic solution)
• Electrolyte tablets
• Benadryl
• Scissors
• Tweezers
• Cold Packs
• Warm Blankets
• Antibiotic ointment
• Thermometers
• Skin irritation creams
• Gloves
• Mask
• Suture needles/string
• List of medical contact phone numbers
• Medical history file (if needed)

Animals and house pets can often fall victim to an injury as well.  Having medicine and first aid supplies for them will ensure their health and safety.

Storing Medical Supplies

Medicines can break down and spoil if they are subject to moisture, temperature fluctuations and exposure to light.  For example, aspirin has a tendency to begin the breakdown process when it is exposed to a slight amount of moisture.  Unless the medicine indicates otherwise, store the medicines in a cool, dark place that is out of children’s reach.   If possible, try and find a place to put the medical supplies that is in an easily accessible area in the event of a medical crises.  Check expiration dates periodically to ensure the medicines are still good to use.  Additionally, storing a first aid kit in the car and in the 72 hour bag will provide additional medical assistance if needed.

Signs of Expired Medicines

Although there is data that medicine can last longer than their expiration dates, knowing the signs of expired medicine can help indicate when new items are needed.

• Creams or ointments which are discolored or have changed in texture.
• Creams or ointments which have cracked or separated.
• The medicines smell has changed since it was opened.
• Tablets are broken or chipped and have changed color.

Source – www.generalmedicine.suite101.com

Organizing medical supplies to be ready for a possible disaster is not a time consuming event.  In a disaster situation, having supplies on hand to deal with a medical emergency can expedite the stabilization process and possibly save a life.

Related Articles:

Are You Ready Series: Emergency Medical Supply

So what happens if you are in your car when a mandatory evacuatation comes to order?  Would you be prepared to leave with only the items in your car? 

What Is a 72 Hour Kit?

A 72 hour kit is essentially filled with items that will meet your basic survival needs (food, water, safety, shelter) for at least 3 days time.  The items placed in the kits should be light weight and functional so that, if need be, carrying the kit will not be a strain due to unnecessary items.  Initially, the most important part of  preparing for an event is to have a well thought out a plan.  This plan should be in place before you evacuate.

To prepare a 72 hour kit for your vehicle,  use a plastic container  and fill it with:

•  3 Day Supply of Food
• Water – 3 Day Supply
• Water Purification Tablets
• Blankets
• Emergency Shelter
• Flashlight or a Light Source
• Extra Batteries
• Rain Poncho
• Work Gloves
• Knife or Multi Purpose Tool
• Chains For Tires
• Small Shovel or Collapsible Shovel
• Rope
• Air Compressor (to air tires)
• Fix-a-Flat
• Extra Tire
• Waterproof Matches
• Signaling Device such as a Flare, Mirror,Whistle or Light Stick
• Extra Clothes compatible to the season you are in.
• Hand and Foot Warmers (optional but very effective if you need to be in the cold weather for a long period of time)
• 2 Extra Pairs of Socks
• Extra Jacket for Layering
• Toiletries (Toilet Paper, Soap, etc.)
• First Aid Kit
• Survival Book to Look to for Survival Information
• Maps and navigation devices (compass, GPS device, etc)
• 5-10 gallons of extra gasoline

Having a 72 hour kit for your vehicle is a way to curb the feelings associated with being unprepared for disasters.  If packed properly, a 72 hour kit will give you everything you need to keep you alive for 3 days.   Having one of these for your car can be used in the case of an emergency evacuation, or if your car stalls in a remote location where there is no way to signal to get help.  Adding a few items to the trunk for one of these unforeseen disasters or events will not only help you prepare, but also keep you safe and focused on finding a solution in the case that you find yourself in one of these situations. 

Personally speaking, when I assembled my family’s bug out bags it took a few hours to run through the house getting all the supplies in order.  If I was in a time sensitive situation, I would have forgotten half of the items I packed.  It’s essential that your B.O.Bs (Bug Out Bags) are ready to go.

 What To Put Into a 72 Hour Bag?

What would your family need for 3 days?  Better yet, what items would you take out of your house that would save your life for 3 days?  It does not really matter what type of bag  is used to place your items in.  Many people use duffel bags, backpacks and suitcases to store their gear in.  However, many experts advise that the bag or container should be waterproof.  For those with multiple people in their family, each person in the family should have their own 72 hour bag that is placed into a large plastic container.  A bag or container with a carrying handle would be advisable if the container holds many items or is for a family.  Some thoughts to keep in mind when preparing your 72 hour bag are:

• Have a plan in place (choosing the location, let family members know where your destination is, the contact information, a secondary destination, etc.)
• Keep the basic needs in mind: food, water, shelter, clothing, safety and communication. 
• Try and find items that are light weight, functional and versatile so that carrying them in a container will not be a strain. 
• Take your bag out and use it a few times to test that nothing is forgotten.

Food

A little food can go a long way if you are creative enough.  Find a stove to cook food in, and boil water. Try and find foods that are light weight an high in calories and have lots of energy. Have enough food for a 3 day period.  Some possible food suggestions would be:

• MRE’s
• Crackers
• Pasta
• Hard Candy
• Energy Bars
• Dried Fruits and Nuts
• Instant Oatmeal
• Granola Bars
• Powdered Milk
• Jerky

Some other suggestions for meals would be:

• Bouillon Cubes
• Instant Rice/Mashed Potatoes
• Dried Soups
• Camping Freeze Dried Foods
• Gum
• Instant Pudding
• Powdered Drink Mixes (Tang, Crystal Light)
• Paper Plates, Cups and Eating Ware

 Water

Having a good water supply is more important than food.  A person cannot go without 3 days of water so have a plentiful amount.  At a minimum, each person should have one gallon of water per day.  In an emergency situation, such as a natural disaster, water is one of the first items to disappear off of a store shelf.  If you can pack more water, then go for it. 

• Individual water bottles in the pack, gallon jugs of water, etc.
• Canteen
• Collapsible water container
• Water filter
• Water purification tablets

 Clothing

Clothes in the 72 hour bag should be rotated every season and be appropriate to the environment you are in.  Having items in your bag that can be layered is a great option. 

•  If it is the winter season: Pack all cold weather essentials in maintaining body heat: Layered clothing, warm hat preferably with flaps over the ears, waterproof pants, mittens, etc.
• Work Gloves
•  Have at least one change of clothing in your bag and two extra pairs of socks.
•  A good pair of boots (hiking or combat boots) with a deep trench in the sole.
• Rain Suit
• Poncho
• Hat to keep the sun off your face.
• Bandanna

Shelter

A shelter is to keep out the natural elements at bay as well as provide a warm place to sleep to maintain body temperature.

• Tents (lightweight)
• Sleeping bag
• Durable long lasting emergency blankets
• Tube tent (emergency shelter)
• Tarp
• Garbage bags can even be used for a shelter.
• Mylar emergency blankets 

Fire

Having fire lighting gear will help maintain proper body temperature, assist in cooking food, and boiling water.  If an emergency arises and you have to leave, you want to be able to have items on hand to make a fire to stay warm.

• Waterproof matches
• Magnesium Fire starters
• Cigarette Lighters

Communication

In a survival situation, communication is key.  Family members and friends want to know that everyone is safe and sound and have made it to their ideal locations.  Additionally, news sources such as radios need to be heard to find out if you are in a safe location, safe to go back to your home or are in a dangerous area.

• Cell Phone
• A 2-way radio
• Radio to get news and information.
• Whistle
• Battery powered tv
• Scanner to hear about police situations and fires that may be in the area
• Signals such as whistles, flares and mirrors are important

Tools

Tools will be used for a variety of reasons.  Tools for hunting, shoveling, cutting, and for navigational purposes are all essential items for a 72 hour bag. 

• Knives ( to cut large machete type and a smaller Gerber hunter)
• Multi-tool 
• Camping shovels
• Candles
• Hammer or hatchet
• Collapsible fishing pole with hooks, line, bobbers, etc.
• Flares
• Maps, compass or GPS devices  ( Having extra compasses ensures that navigation is accurate).
• Rope (paracord),
• Knife sharpening stone,
• Flash light with extra batteries

Written Survival Sources

In a high stress situation that some are not used to, forgetfulness plays a part from dealing with all the changes that are occuring.  Having some manuals to look upon for survival information, or for spiritual information to lift the moral is a good idea and does not take up much space.

•  Survival Manuals
• First Aid Manuals
• Bible

Safety

There is no guarantee that everything will go as planned.  There are times when emergenies arise.  Having a well stocked first aid kit is essential in the case that someone gets injured.  Taking a basic first aid course to give the proper aid is an instrumental tool in providing the right type of care.  First aid kits should be filled with every type of first aid gear that could be needed. 

• Band-aids
• Antiseptic
• Gauze pads
• Medical tape
• Tourniquet
• Celox (Emergency Blood Clotting Granules)
• Bug spray
• Sunblock
• Poison ivy cream
• Skin irritation cream
• Pain reliever
• Anti-Diarrhea Medicine
• Prescription medicine
• Cold/Flu medicine
• Scissors

Weapons are another type of maintaining safety.  Having the ability to defend yourself is another thing to keep in mind.  Having any form of weapon can ward off anyone trying to attack your family or property.

• Hand gun
• Rifle
• Shot gun
• Knives
• Taser

Hygiene

In a bug out situation, many assume it could be for a few days, but it could be for longer periods of time.  Keeping yourself clean is not only beneficial to those around you, but also to maintain health.  Hygiene items are a good idea to put in your 72 hour bag:

• Toilet Paper
• Toothbrush
• Toothpaste
• Cleaning Wipes
• Soap
• Shampoo/Conditioner
• Laundry Detergent

Personal Documents

When fleeing to a location other than your home, have the proper identification, and emergency information with in the case that you need to present it to a police officer, red cross disaster worker, state trooper, park ranger, etc. 

• Journal (with a pen)
• Identification Information (drivers license, passports, wills, marriage licenses, birth certificates, social security cards, proof of address)
• Licenses for guns or for fishing, etc
• Health Insurance Information 

If a disaster hits, and you are unprepared to flee the situation, fear and panic set in and mistakes are made.  To better access the situation, preparation makes all the difference.  Knowledge and preparation helps to control fear and keep a person calm.  Calmness and clarity are the emotions that a person wants in a disaster situation.  A 72 hour bag for multiple family members can take a longer amount of time than one may think.  Having it preassembled and ready to go can put a person ahead of the game when it comes to bugging out.   As previously menitoned, preparedness for disasters begins with each individual.   The more prepared a person is, the mor swiftly they can act, the calmer they will be, and the faster they can leave.

72 Hour Kit E-Books:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/3036529/Mormon-Emergency-Preperation

http://www.scribd.com/doc/17778582/Emergency-Preparedness-Grab-n-Go

When planning for an emergency, especially a sudden and long term emergency, think about the worst situation imaginable.  For those that need some help - think of mass chaos of people running into grocery stores to get as much food and supplies as possible, gas lines that run out into the street, highways at a virtual stand still, banks not giving out money, looting, fires, the health of the elderly deteriorating due to not being able to get needed medicines, babies crying because that have no formula to drink.  It’s not a pretty picture when you allow yourself to imagine it.  Having supplies on hand can put a person way ahead of the game.  While many who are unprepared for such a grim reality will be battling the lines at the grocery stores, those that have prepared accordingly could be packing their items up and headed for hills before many have even attempted to.

This author came across some advice from someone who has experienced a long term emergency first hand.  This advice could help a person prepare not only for their well being, but also mentally prepare them for getting through the nightmare of a long term emergency.

Advice From a Sarajevo War Survivor:

Experiencing horrible things that can happen in a war – death of parents and friends, hunger and malnutrition, endless freezing cold, fear, sniper attacks.

1. Stockpiling helps. But you never no how long trouble will last, so locate near renewable food sources.
2. Living near a well with a manual pump is like being in Eden.
3. After awhile, even gold can lose its luster.  But there is no luxury in war quite like toilet paper.  Its surplus value is greater than gold’s.
4. If you had to go without one utility, lose electricity – it’s the easiest to do without (unless you’re in a very nice climate with no need for heat.)
5. Canned foods are awesome, especially if their contents are tasty without heating.  One of the best things to stockpile is canned gravy – it makes a lot of the dry unappetizing things you find to eat in war somewhat edible.  Only needs enough heat to “warm”, not to cook. It’s cheap too, especially if you buy it in bulk.
6. Bring some books – escapist ones like romance or mysteries become more valuable as the war continues.  Sure, it’s great to have a lot of survival guides, but you’ll figure most of that out on your own anyway – trust me, you’ll have a lot of time on your hands.
7. The feeling that you’re human can fade pretty fast.  I can’t tell you how many people I knew who would have traded a much needed meal for just a little bit of toothpaste, rouge, soap or cologne.  Not much point in fighting if you have to lose your humanity.  These things are morale-builders like nothing else.
8. Slow burning candles and matches, matches, matches

Emergency Items That Disappear First

1. Generators (Good ones can be expensive.  It can be a target for thieves due to the noise)
2. Water
3. Water Filters/Purifiers
4. Portable Toilet
5. Seasoned Firewood.  Wood takes about 6-12 months to be ready for home use.
6. Lamp Oil, Wicks, Lamps (Buy clear oil.  If scare, stockpile)
7. Coleman Fuel
8. Charcoal and Lighter fluid
9. Family Protection (guns, ammunition, pepper spray, knives)
10. Cooking utensils (hand can opener, whisk, etc)
11. Honey/sugar/syrups
12. Rice/beans/ wheat
13. Vegetable oil (for cooking)
14. Water containers (get more than one and in different sizes)
15. Propane Heaters and all accessories that go with it (extra propane, heads, etc)
16. Fishing accessories (line, hooks, bobbies, etc)
17. Lighting sources – short term and long term (flashlights, hurricane lamps, etc)
18. Batteries
19. Basin to do laundry in/wash boards, etc
20. Cook stoves
21. Vitamins
22. Thermal underwear (top and bottoms)
23. Tools (bow saw, axes, hatchets, wedges (honing oil)
24. Aluminum Foil
25. Propane Cylinder Handle-Holder (Urgent: Small canister use is dangerous without this item)
26. Feminine Hygiene/Haircare/Skin products.
27. Aluminum Foil Reg. & Heavy Duty (Great Cooking and Barter Item)
28. Gasoline containers
29. Garbage bags
30. Toilet paper, paper towels, hygiene items
31. Milk (canned, powdered and infant formula)
32. Work gloves, Work boots, Work Clothes
33. Seeds (non-hybrid)
34. Clothes pins/line/hangers
35. Coleman’s Pump Repair Kit
36. Canned Goods
37. Fire Extinguishers or Baking Soda
38. First Aid Kits
39. Batteries (all sizes)
40. Spices, Vinegar and Baking Supplies, Yeast, Salt
41. Dog Food
42. Matches
43. Notebooks, pencils
44. Ice chests
45. Flash lights, torches, light sticks
46. Plastic Containers
47. Cast iron cookware
48. Fishing Supplies
49. Repellent sprays, creams
50. Duct Tape
51. Garbage cans Plastic (great for storage, water, transporting – if with wheels)
52. Men’s Hygiene: Shampoo, Toothbrush/paste, Mouthwash/floss, nail clippers, etc
53. Shaving supplies (razors & creams, talc, after shave)
54. Cast iron cookware (sturdy, efficient)
55. Fishing supplies/tools
56. Mosquito coils/repellent, sprays/creams
57. Duct Tape Tarps/stakes/twine/nails/rope/spikes
58. Candles
59. Laundry Detergent (liquid)
60. Backpacks, Duffel Bags
61. Garden tools & supplies
62. Scissors, fabrics & sewing supplies
63. Canned Fruits, Veggies, Soups, stews, etc.
64. Bleach (plain, NOT scented: 4 to 6% sodium hypochlorite)
65. Canning supplies, (Jars/lids/wax)
66. Knives & Sharpening tools: files, stones, steel
67. Bicycles…Tires/tubes/pumps/chains, etc
68. Sleeping Bags & blankets/pillows/mats
69. Carbon Monoxide Alarm (battery powered)
70. d-con Rat poison, MOUSE PRUFE II, Roach Killer
71. Mousetraps, Ant traps & cockroach magnets
72. Paper plates/cups/utensils (stock up, folks)
73. Baby wipes, oils, waterless & Antibacterial soap (saves a lot of water)
74. Rain gear, rubberized boots, etc.
75. Hand pumps & siphons (for water and for fuels)
76. Soy sauce, vinegar, bullions/gravy/soup base
77. Reading glasses
78. Chocolate/Cocoa/Tang/Punch (water enhancers)
79. “Survival-in-a-Can”
80. Woolen clothing, scarves/ear-muffs/mittens
81. Boy Scout Handbook, / also Leaders Catalog
82. Roll-on Window Insulation Kit (MANCO)
83. Graham crackers, saltines, pretzels, Trail mix/Jerky
84. Popcorn, Peanut Butter, Nuts
85. Socks, Underwear, T-shirts, etc. (extras)
86. Lumber (all types)
87. Wagons & carts (for transport to and from)
88. Cots & Inflatable mattress’s
89. Gloves: Work/warming/gardening, etc.
90. Lantern Hangers
91. Screen Patches, glue, nails, screws,, nuts & bolts
92. Teas
93. Coffee
94. Cigarettes
95. Wine/Liquors (for bribes, medicinal, etc,)
96. Paraffin wax
97. Glue, nails, nuts, bolts, screws, etc.
98. Atomizers (for cooling/bathing)
99. Hats & cotton neckerchief
100. Goats/chickens

Source – www.scribd.com

For more information on disaster planning, beginners guide to prepping, societal breakdowns

The information needed in the binder will need to be organized into different sections:

• Medical Information On All Family Members – Complete emergency medical information including immunization records, blood type, previous injuries, food or medical allergies can be very useful in case of an emergency.  You do not want to waste time running around looking for this information.  Have an “Additional Notes” section at the back of the section for later use.
• Contact Information For Next of Kin – Make sure the family knows who is next of kin and how to get in contact with them.
• Emergency Plans - It’s good to have an emergency plan in place and written down that anyone can turn to for direction.  Emergencies come at the drop of a hat and can cause confusion for those that do not have a well defined emergency plan, back up plan or evac plan.  All plans and details should be included in this section.  Additionally, emergency routes to be taken should be placed in this section as well as maps that would be used.
• Complete Inventory List of Supplies - A supply/inventory list is a crucial item that everyone should have on hand.   Itemized food, water rations, medical supplies, seeds, home canning equipment, books, etc should be included.
• What To Do In The Case Of A Medical Emergency – Think of low priority injuries such as sprained ankles, colds, poison ivy, etc and move on to high priority injuries such as broken bones, heart attack or stroke.  This section is for you  that have on hand and use as a quick referral.  All family members must know where to find this information.  I have a first aid book with illustrations for this section.  Anything the family can look at to get direction.
• Survival Information- finding food, preserving food, purifying water, food storage, gardening, etc.  Any information that you have found of use, put in down in this section.  It is the basic How-To-Live section.
• Family Notes Section – This section should be used to organize and store important family information such as personal documents, financial information, insurance information, informative notes and listing responsibilities for each family member.  How will they help out?  Why is it important for them to contribute?
• Inspirational Messages To Keep The Faith – This is an important section to refer to when things start getting harder and children start asking lots of hard questions.  This also teaches them the importance of positive thinking and holding onto their faiths.  Reassurance is very important when it comes to cheering children up.  Find bible verses, songs, poems or write them a letter letting them know why they are so special and how much you mean to them.
• Happy Section – Include of few favorite family stories (birth, funny moments, Holiday stories), a small family scrap book, favorite song lyrics, etc.  This takes the entire family back to a simpler, less chaotic time.  Not to mention a good way to spend some family time together cherishing old memories.
• Favorite Recipes – This is an instant moral booster.  Having their favorite recipes on hand will cheer them up.  If they are old enough, they can make these foods themselves to keep their minds off of negative thoughts.
• Miscellaneous – This is always a fallback section to use for organizing information for later use.

Long Term Supplies

Higher levels of food are needed to last 3+ years.  Keep buying some of the short term items to compliment the long term:

• Water
• Larger Amounts of Short Term Supplies
• Vitamins
• Longer Term First Aid Supply
• MRE’s – susceptible for temperature and storage problems.  good for more short term problems.
• Canned Goods – find some on sale and make sure of the expiration date.  Most last 1-3 years.
• Drink Mixes/Teas/Coffee
• Oil
• #10 cans – Freeze Dried foods can last for  20-30 year shelf life.  Buckets of mylar packaging material.
• Seeds of all kinds – Heirloom and Non-GMO seeds are better. Some to grow, and some to be used for sprouts (pumpkin, alfalfa, broccoli, lentil).
• Mylared Packaged Goods or Super pails of Goods - grains, rice, beans, oats, legumes, flour, corn meal, powdered milk, sugar, salt, baking powder.
• Spices
• Large Storage Containers
• Tools – Axes Shovels, Wrenches, Hammers, Multi Use Pliers, Farming Tools
• Wood – pre chopped
• Matches and Other Fire Starting Equipment
• Paper Plates, Plastic Eating Utensils – You dont want to waste water on washing dishes.
• Matches and Other Fire Starting Equipment
• Paper Plates, Plastic Eating Utensils – You dont want to waste water on washing dishes.
• Bleach
• Freeze Dried Foods
• Personal Hygiene (Paper, Towels, Toilet Paper, Soap, Deodorant, Toothpaste)
• Clothing (Lots of Warm Clothing, and Items to Layer Under)
• Food For Pets
• Gasoline and Other Fuels (Keronsene, Lamp Oil)
• Candles (Camping Candles Burn Longer)
• Ziploc Bags
• Garbage Bags
• Batteries
• Weapons – Just in Case